SESAME
BM02-IR

Illuminating the molecular world with infrared brilliance

The SESAME BM02-IR beamline, operational since November 2018, is a cutting-edge facility serving the global Infrared scientific community with reliable capacity and advanced capabilities. The beamline was designed and built in collaboration with the French light source, SOLEIL. Dedicated for Synchrotron Radiation Fourier Transform Infrared Spectromicroscopy (SR-µFTIR), it uses a high-performance FTIR interferometer and harnesses infrared synchrotron radiation from both the bending magnet (BM) and edge radiation (ER) sources.

This vibrational technique, when coupled with synchrotron brilliance, delivers up to 1000× brighter signals than conventional thermal sources, with unique advantages in time structure, polarization, and broad wavelength coverage spanning the mid-IR (2.5–25 µm) and extending into the far-IR/THz region. The beamline provides powerful tools for non-destructive and spatially resolved chemical analysis. By integrating Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometry with advanced microscopy, the beamline enables scientists to identify and image IR-active vibrational modes at the diffraction-limited microscopic scale. In particular, it measures optically active molecular vibrations at the micro- and nano-scale, generating highly specific, spatially distributed chemical fingerprints. Diverse fields from material science and forensics, geology to mineralogy, food and agriculture, water and soil pollution and environmental studies, to pharma, biomedicine and life sciences, as well as cultural heritage, archaeology, palaeontology and art restoration.

With diffraction-limited spatial resolution and superior signal-to-noise ratios, the BM02-IR beamline opens new frontiers for discovery, offering scientists a powerful tool to explore the molecular world in unprecedented detail.

SESAME Joins INFN-CHNet with New Cultural Heritage Laboratory

In 2022, SESAME inaugurated a new laboratory dedicated to cultural heritage as part of the Cultural Heritage Network, CHNet, of the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN). This important milestone marked SESAME’s official inclusion in the network, reinforcing international collaboration. To support advanced research, INFN has equipped the BM02-IR beamline with a state-of-the-art endstation providing powerful tools for non-invasive analysis, enabling researchers to explore and safeguard cultural treasures.

Beamline Energy Resolution
0.012 [meV]
Beamline Energy Range
0.001 - 3 [eV]
Spot Size On Sample Hor
12 - 25 [mm]
Spot Size On Sample Vert
12 - 25 [mm]
Divergence Hor
39 [mrad]
Divergence Vert
15 [mrad]
Photon Sources

BM D02

Type
Bending Magnet
Endstations or Setup

Offline-mode Endstation (Globar IR Source)

Description
The endstation comprises Nicolet 8700 FTIR spectrometer coupled to a Thermo Scientific© Nicolet Continuum IR-microscope (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA).
Microscopes
Thermo Scientific© Nicolet Continuum IR-microscope allows transmission, reflection, Slide-on 15x ATR Si crystal, and grazing incidence angle accessory. It is equipped with Schwarzschild 15x (0.58 NA), 32x (0.65 NA) IR objectives with MCT-A, MCT-B and MCT-A* detectors. The microscope allows microspectroscopic chemical mapping with the MCT single-point detector.
The microscope features Kohler Illumination for Reflection and Transmission, Brightfield, Darkfield and Polarized Light. In addition to DIC (Differential Interference Contrast) Optics; and Fluorescence illumination of:
-Wide Band Blue Fluorescence Cube 450-480nm,
-Wide Band Green Fluorescence Cube 510-550nm,
-Wide Band UV Fluorescence Cube 330-385nm.
Spectrometer
Thermo Scientific© Nicolet 8700 FTIR spectrometer equipped with Quartz, KBr, and Solid-state beam splitters, and internal DLaTGS detector of KBr and Polyethylene Windows, lnGaAs detector for NIR, and Mercury Cadmium Telluride, MCT-A, detector for MIR.
Detectors Available
MCT
DTGS
InGaAs
Endstation Operative
Yes

Sample

Sample Type
Fiber, Powder, Gel, Liquid, Other: Bulk, thin films, fragments
Mounting Type
Specac Omni-Cell™ | Demountable Liquid Cell for FTIR transmission mode,
Specac Mini Pellet Press™ | FTIR transmission mode,
Specac Micro Compression Cell™ | FTIR transmission mode,
Specac DC-3 | Diamond Compression Cell™ | FTIR microscopy in transmission mode,
Specac Monolayer Grazing Angle Specular Reflectance Accessory™ | FTIR specular reflection mode,
Pike Technologies MIRacle™ cell | FTIR single reflection mode,
Thermo Fisher Slide-on 15x ATR Si Objective™

Manipulator or Sample stage

Description
Motorized High Speed Automation for Upright Microscopes (114 mm x 75 mm) allowing high-precision automated positioning and accommodating a variety of specimen types.

Sample Holders

Type
Compression cells, salt windows, de-mountable liquid cells, slide-on mounts.
Description
Specac Omni-Cell™ | Demountable Liquid Cell for FTIR transmission mode,
Specac Mini Pellet Press™ | FTIR transmission mode,
Specac Micro Compression Cell™ | FTIR transmission mode,
Specac DC-3 | Diamond Compression Cell™ | FTIR microscopy in transmission mode,
Specac Monolayer Grazing Angle Specular Reflectance Accessory™ | FTIR specular reflection mode,
Pike Technologies MIRacle™ cell | FTIR single reflection mode,
Thermo Slide-on 15x ATR Si Objective™

Standard SR-IR Endstation

Description
The end station encompasses Bruker Vertex 70v FTIR spectrometer coupled to Hyperion 3000 IR-vis Microscope (Copyright © Bruker Optik GmbH 2020).
Microscopes
Bruker Hyperion 3000 IR-vis Microscope (Copyright © Bruker Optik GmbH 2020) for FTIR transmission, reflection, Attenuated Total Reflection (20x ATR Ge crystal). It is equipped with 15x and 36x IR objectives with Mercury Cadmium Telluride, MCT-A single-point detector, and Focal Plane Array area detector, FPA (64 pixel x 64 pixel) allowing microspectroscopic chemical mapping and imaging modalities.
Spectrometer
Bruker Vertex 70v FTIR spectrometer (Copyright © Bruker Optik GmbH 2020).
Detectors Available
MCT
DTGS
InGaAs
Focal Plane Array (FPA)
Endstation Operative
Yes

Sample

Sample Type
Fiber, Powder, Gel, Liquid, Other: Bulk, thin films, fragments
Mounting Type
Specac Omni-Cell™ | Demountable Liquid Cell for FTIR transmission mode,
Specac Mini Pellet Press™ | FTIR transmission mode,
Specac Micro Compression Cell™ | FTIR transmission mode,
Specac DC-3 | Diamond Compression Cell™ | FTIR microscopy in transmission mode,
Specac Monolayer Grazing Angle Specular Reflectance Accessory™ | FTIR specular reflection mode,
Pike Technologies MIRacle™ cell | FTIR single reflection mode,
Bruker 20x ATR Ge Objective™

Sample Holders

Type
Compression cells, salt windows, de-mountable liquid cells, slide-on mounts.
Description
Specac Omni-Cell™ | Demountable Liquid Cell for FTIR transmission mode,
Specac Mini Pellet Press™ | FTIR transmission mode,
Specac Micro Compression Cell™ | FTIR transmission mode,
Specac DC-3 | Diamond Compression Cell™ | FTIR microscopy in transmission mode,
Specac Monolayer Grazing Angle Specular Reflectance Accessory™ | FTIR specular reflection mode,
Pike Technologies MIRacle™ cell | FTIR single reflection mode,
Bruker 20x ATR Ge Objective™
Detectors

DTGS

Type
Polyelectric Deuterated Triglycine Sulfate (DTGS) detectors
Description
Spectrometer detectors:
- TE Cooled DLaTGS Detector with KBr Window (12,500-350 cm-1);
- DLaTGS Detector with Polyethylene Window (700-50 cm-1).
Passive or Active (Electronics)
Active

Detection

Detected Particle
Electron

Focal Plane Array (FPA)

Type
Ultrafast data acquisition area detector for high spatial resolution.
Description
High-speed infrared detector used in FTIR Microscopes to capture thousands of spectra simultaneously. A gold standard for advanced chemical imaging.
Pixel Size
X = 50 [um], Y = 50 [um]
Array Size
X = 64 [pixel], Y = 64 [pixel]

Detection

Detected Particle
Electron

InGaAs

Type
Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) photodiode for near-infrared light detection at room temperature.
Description
Spectrometer detector:
InGaAs detector for NIR (12.000-3.800 cm-1).
Passive or Active (Electronics)
Active

Detection

Detected Particle
Electron

MCT

Type
Photoconductive Mercury Cadmium Telluride (HgCdTe) LN2 cooled detector.
Description
Microscope detectors:
- 50um MCT-A Detector;
- MCT-B Detector.
Passive or Active (Electronics)
Active

Detection

Detected Particle
Electron
contacts
Gihan Kamel
Techniques
Absorption
  • IR spectroscopy
Imaging
  • IR Microscopy
Disciplines
Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Electrochemistry
  • Green Chemistry
  • Technique Development - Chemistry
Earth Sciences & Environment
  • Geology
  • Marine science/Oceanography
  • Mineralogy
  • Other - Earth Sciences & Environment
  • Plant science
  • Technique Development - Earth Sciences & Environment
  • Water sciences/Hydrology
Energy
  • Sustainable energy systems
  • Technique Development - Energy
Engineering & Technology
  • Detectors
  • Nanotechnology & production processes
  • Other - Engineering & Technology
  • Space
  • Technique Development - Engineering & Technology
Humanities
  • Arts
  • Cultural Heritage
Information & Communication Technologies
  • Components & Micro-systems
Life Sciences & Biotech
  • Biophysics
  • Food quality and safety
  • Medicine
  • Molecular and cellular biology
  • Other - Life Sciences & Biotech
  • Pharmaceutics (drug screening)
  • Technique Development - Life Sciences & Biotech
  • Veterinary sciences
Material Sciences
  • Knowledge based multifunctional materials
  • Metallurgy
  • Other - Material Sciences
  • Technique Development - Material Sciences
Physics
  • Astronomy/Astrophysics/Astroparticles
  • Atomic & molecular physics
  • Optics
  • Soft condensed matter physics
  • Surfaces, interfaces and thin films
  • Technique Development - Physics
Address
SESAME (Synchrotron – light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East)
P.O Box (7) Allan (19252) Jordan
control/Data analysis
Control Software Type
  • Beamline Control: EPICS (EPICS - Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)
    Beamline Standard Endstation: OPUS® 8.5 (SP1) Build 8,7,10 Proprietary software (Copyright © Bruker Optik GmbH 2020).
Data Output Type
  • Transmittance/Reflectance/Absorbance IR single spectra, interferograms, visible images, and hyperspectral images/chemical maps.
Data Output Format
  • Standard Endstation: OPUS files as single spectra and maps (possible conversion to other formats.),
    Offline Endstation: OMNIC as single spectra and maps (possible conversion to other formats.)
Softwares For Data Analysis
  • On-site and remote access to:
    OPUS® 8.5 (SP1) Build 8,7,10 (Copyright © Bruker Optik GmbH 2020),
    OMNIC® 9.2.41, OMNICMC® v 9.1.0, OMNIC Atlus® 9.1.24. (Copyright © 1992-2012 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.),
    The Unscrambler X® v 10.4. (Copyright © CAMO Analytics),
    CytoSpec® v 1.3.02. (Copyright © 2000-2020 Peter Lasch),
    PeakFit v4.12 (Systat Software, USA),
    Quasar®.
Equipment That Can Be Brought By The User
Temperature and pressure cells for in-situ measurements.